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The goal of the change is to improve border security and facilitate re-entry into the U.S. for all citizens.
In the past, Americans needed only a driver’s license and birth certificate to go back and forth between the U.S. and Mexico and most Caribbean islands. Children needed just birth certificates. As of January 8, however, passports will be required for almost everyone entering the U.S. through airports, no matter where they are coming from.
If you are traveling out of the country (to the Riviera Maya or anywhere else in Mexico) and returning to the U.S. any time after January 8, 2007, you must have a passport.
More:
Cancun Visitors Bureau statement
How to get a passport
State Department statement
Riviera Maya Hotels
Airport Transportation
Tours & Activities
Riviera Maya Guidebook